Management Information Systems

Management Information Systems

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

–        Support operation

–        Management and control

–        Routine, normal operations

Management Information Systems (MIS)

–        Provide decision-making support for routine, structured decisions

–        Closely linked to and fed by TPS

–        Terminology Confusion

–        MIS = the study of information technology in business settings

–        But, MIS is also term to refer to class of systems used to support operational and tactical decisionmaking

A Model for Problem Solving

•          Decision Making Phase

–        Intelligence gathering

–        Design

–        Choice

•          Implementation

•          Monitoring

Decision Making

•          A step in problem solving

•          Intelligence gathering

–        Definition of problem

–        Data gathered on scope

–        Constraints identified

•          Design phase

–        Alternatives identified and assessed

•          Choice

–        Selection of an alternative

Structured vs. Unstructured Problems

•          Structured problems lend themselves to programmed decisions

–        The implication is that a repeatable process can be employed and these can be automated

•          Unstructured problems require unprogrammed decisions

Unstructured Problems

•          Can be addressed (or partially addressed) with Decision Support Systems

Goals of an MIS

•          Provide managers with information

•          Regular, routine operations

•          Control, organize and plan better

Typical Inputs and Outputs

•          Inputs:  Information from the TPS

•          Outputs: hard and softcopy reports

–        Scheduled reports

–        On-demand reports

–        Key-indicator (business fundamentals)

–        Exception reports

Functional Perspectives of MIS

•          Financial MIS

–        Will integrate information from multiple sources

–        Functions

•          Costing

•          P&L reporting

•          Auditing

•          Funds management

Decision Support Systems

•          Used for unstructured problems

•          Characteristics

–        Data from multiple sources internal and external to organization

–        Presentation flexibility

–        Simulation and what-if capability

–        Support for multiple decision approaches

–        Statistical analysis

Components of a DSS

•          Model management software

–        Provides a variety of solution models

•          Financial, statistical, graphical, project management

•          Dialogue Manager

–        Allows user interaction with DSS

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What is ERP?

l  An ERP system is an attempt to integrate all functions across a company to a single computer system that can serve all those functions’ specific needs.

l  “Integration” is the key word for ERP implementation.

l  It may also integrate key customers and suppliers as part of the enterprise’s operation.

l  It provides integrated database and custom-designed report systems.

l  It adopts a set of “best practices” for carrying out all business processes.

Major Reasons for Adopting ERP

l  Integrate financial information

l  Integrate customer order information

l  Standardize and speed up operations processes

l  Reduce inventory

l  Standardize Human Resources information

Potential Benefits of ERP

l  Internal Benefits

•          Integration of a single source of data

•          Common data definition

•          A real-time system

•          Increased productivity

•          Reduced operating costs

•          Improved internal communication

•          Foundation for future improvement

l  External Benefits

•          Improved customer service and order fulfillment

•          Improved communication with suppliers and customers

•          Enhanced competitive position

•          Increased sales and profits

ERP Implementation Approaches

l  The big bang – install a single ERP system across the entire organization

l  Franchising – Independent ERP systems are installed in different units linked by common processes, e.g., bookkeeping.

l  Slam dunk – install one or several ERP modules for phased implementation of key business processes.

PHASES

l  Initiation – develop business case, project scope, and implementation strategy

l  Planning – establish implementation team, determine goals and objectives, establish metrics

l  Analysis and process design – analyze and improve existing processes, map new processes to be adopted by the system

l  Realization – install a base system, customization, and test the system

l  Transition – replace the formal system with the new system, data conversion

l  Operation – monitor and improve system performance, provide continued training and technical support

Major Challenges to ERP Implementation

l  Limitations of ERP technical capabilities

l  Inconsistency with existing business processes

l  Costs - implementation (hardware, software, training, consulting) and maintenance

l  Impact on organizational structure (front office vs. back office, product lines, etc.)

l  Changes in employee responsibilities

l  Flexibility of software system upgrades

l  Implementation timelines

l  Availability of internal technical knowledge and resources

l  Education and training

l  Implementation strategy and execution

l  Resistance to change

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JAVA Practical File (Btech)

AIM:- Write a program in JAVA to demonstrate constructor use.

Program:-


class Test
{
int x,y;
Test()
{
x=y=0;
}
Test(int m )
{
x=y=m;
}
Test(int x, int y)
{
this.x=x;
this.y=y;
}
void sum()
{
int c=x+y;
System.out.println("Sum of two numbers is"+" "+c);
}
}
class Test3
{
public static void main (String args [])
{
Test t1=new Test();
Test t2=new Test(40);
Test t3=new Test(30,30);
t1.sum();
t2.sum();
t3.sum();
}
}


Output:-  Sum of two numbers is 0
               Sum of two numbers is 80

               Sum of two numbers is 60

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JAVA Practical File (Btech)

AIM:- Write a program in JAVA which is initialized through object and current object.

Program:-


class Test
{
int x,y;
void getData(int x,int y)
{
this.x=x;
this.y=y;
}
int sum()
{
return (x+y);
}
}
class Test2
{
public static void main (String args [])
{
Test t=new Test();
t.getData(10,30);
int c=t.sum();
System.out.println("Sum of two numbers is"+" "+c);
}
}


Output:-  Sum of two numbers is 40

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